Chymopapain

Chymopapain's quaternary structure

Chymopapain (classified under EC 3.4.22.6 and also known by other names such as chymopapain A, chymopapain B, and chymopapain S) is a proteolytic enzyme that has its origins in the latex of the papaya tree (Carica papaya). This enzyme, sold under the brand name Chymodiactin, was historically employed in medical procedures to alleviate certain spinal conditions.

Therapeutic Use

Chymopapain's primary medical application was the treatment of herniated lower lumbar discs, a condition affecting the spine. The procedure involving the injection of chymopapain is termed chemonucleolysis.

• Method of Administration: The injection of chymopapain was typically given under local anaesthesia, eliminating the need for more extensive general anaesthesia.
• Dosage: For treating a single intervertebral disc, the recommended dose ranged between 2 to 4 nanokatals. However, the total dose per patient was capped at 8 nanokatals.

Origin

Chymopapain is derived from the latex produced by the papaya tree. This natural source made it an interesting candidate for medical applications, particularly because of its enzyme's ability to break down specific proteins.

Discontinuation

On January 27, 2003, the sale and distribution of chymopapain came to an end in the United States. This decision was a consequence of the producing company's global cessation of chymopapain sales.

Side Effects

While chymopapain had its therapeutic benefits, it wasn't without potential risks. Some of the severe side effects associated with its use included:

• Anaphylaxis: A severe allergic reaction which can be life-threatening if not treated promptly.
• Paralysis of the legs: Some patients experienced reduced mobility or complete paralysis post-treatment.
• Death: In rare instances, the use of chymopapain resulted in fatal outcomes.

Conclusion

Chymopapain's journey from the latex of the papaya tree to the medical world serves as a testament to the potential therapeutic benefits of naturally derived compounds. However, like many medical treatments, its use came with both potential benefits and risks, leading to its eventual discontinuation in the pharmaceutical market.

See Also

• Proteolytic enzymes
• Herniated disc
• Anaphylaxis
• Natural medicinal compounds

External links

• The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors: C01.002
• Data sheet for Papain from BIOZYM