Chromosomal translocation

From WikiMD's medical encyclopedia

Chromosomal translocation is a genetic phenomenon that involves the rearrangement of parts between nonhomologous chromosomes. It is a type of chromosomal abnormality or mutation that can lead to various genetic disorders.

Translocation-4-20

Overview

A chromosomal translocation occurs when a segment of genetic material is moved from one chromosome to another, nonhomologous chromosome. This can happen during the process of meiosis, leading to gametes with abnormal chromosome arrangements.

Types of Chromosomal Translocation

There are two main types of chromosomal translocation: reciprocal and Robertsonian.

Reciprocal Translocation

In a reciprocal translocation, segments from two different chromosomes have been exchanged. This type of translocation is usually an exchange of material between nonhomologous chromosomes.

Robertsonian Translocation

A Robertsonian translocation involves the fusion of two acrocentric chromosomes at their centromeres, with loss of the short arms. This results in a single, large chromosome that contains the genetic material from both original chromosomes.

Clinical Significance

Chromosomal translocations can lead to various genetic disorders, depending on the chromosomes involved and the specific genes that are disrupted. Some examples include chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), which is associated with a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22, and Down syndrome, which can be caused by a Robertsonian translocation involving chromosome 21.

See Also

References

Plain DNA icon.svg
This article is a stub related to genetics. You can help WikiMD by expanding it!


Navigation: Wellness - Encyclopedia - Health topics - Disease Index‏‎ - Drugs - World Directory - Gray's Anatomy - Keto diet - Recipes

Transform your life with W8MD's budget GLP-1 injections from $125.

W8mdlogo.png
W8MD weight loss doctors team

W8MD offers a medical weight loss program to lose weight in Philadelphia. Our physician-supervised medical weight loss provides:

NYC weight loss doctor appointments

Start your NYC weight loss journey today at our NYC medical weight loss and Philadelphia medical weight loss clinics.

Linkedin_Shiny_Icon Facebook_Shiny_Icon YouTube_icon_(2011-2013) Google plus


Advertise on WikiMD

WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia

Let Food Be Thy Medicine
Medicine Thy Food - Hippocrates

Medical Disclaimer: WikiMD is not a substitute for professional medical advice. The information on WikiMD is provided as an information resource only, may be incorrect, outdated or misleading, and is not to be used or relied on for any diagnostic or treatment purposes. Please consult your health care provider before making any healthcare decisions or for guidance about a specific medical condition. WikiMD expressly disclaims responsibility, and shall have no liability, for any damages, loss, injury, or liability whatsoever suffered as a result of your reliance on the information contained in this site. By visiting this site you agree to the foregoing terms and conditions, which may from time to time be changed or supplemented by WikiMD. If you do not agree to the foregoing terms and conditions, you should not enter or use this site. See full disclaimer.
Credits:Most images are courtesy of Wikimedia commons, and templates, categories Wikipedia, licensed under CC BY SA or similar.

Contributors: Kondreddy Naveen