Caste system in India
Caste System in India
The Caste System in India is a form of social stratification and social restriction in India in which communities are defined by thousands of endogamous hereditary groups, often termed as jātis, or "castes". The caste system in India has its roots in ancient India, and was transformed by various ruling elites in medieval, early-modern, and modern India, especially the Mughal Empire and the British Raj.
Origins
The origins of the caste system in India are unclear, but it is believed to have originated more than 2,000 years ago. The system is thought to have been a simple division of labor, which evolved over time into the caste system. The Vedic texts from the second millennium BCE provide the earliest known discussion of a caste system.
Structure
The caste system in India is a four-tiered hierarchy. At the top are the Brahmins, who were priests and scholars. Next are the Kshatriyas, the warriors and rulers. The third tier is the Vaishyas, who were farmers, traders, and merchants. The last tier is the Shudras, who were laborers. Outside of this four-tiered system are the Dalits, also known as "Untouchables", who were traditionally considered outside the caste system and performed the lowest forms of labor.
Impact
The caste system in India has had a profound impact on the social and economic life of the country. It has been a source of social inequality, with higher castes enjoying more privileges and lower castes facing discrimination and exclusion. The caste system has also influenced the economic structure of Indian society, with certain castes dominating certain industries and professions.
Reform and Legislation
Efforts to reform the caste system in India have been ongoing since the country's independence in 1947. The Constitution of India prohibits discrimination on the basis of caste and the government has implemented various laws and social initiatives to promote equality and uplift the status of the lower castes. However, caste-based discrimination and violence continue to be reported in India.
See Also
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
