Carpobrotus edulis

Carpobrotus edulis on the sand dunes of Waimairi Beach, Christchurch, New Zealand 05

Hottentots Fig

Iceplant

Carpobrotus edulis

Carpobrotus edulis in bloom

Carpobrotus edulis, commonly known as the Hottentot-fig, ice plant, or sour fig, is a species of succulent plant in the Aizoaceae family. It is native to the coastal regions of South Africa, but has become an invasive species in many parts of the world, including California, Australia, and the Mediterranean Basin.

Description

Carpobrotus edulis is a sprawling, mat-forming perennial with thick, succulent leaves that are triangular in cross-section. The leaves are bright green, turning reddish in drought conditions. The plant produces large, daisy-like flowers that are typically yellow or pink, with numerous petals and a central cluster of stamens. The fruit is a fleshy, edible capsule that turns brown when ripe.

Habitat and Distribution

Carpobrotus edulis thrives in sandy soils and coastal environments. It is often found in dunes, cliffs, and disturbed areas. The plant is highly tolerant of salt spray and poor soil conditions, which has contributed to its success as an invasive species in many regions outside its native range.

Ecological Impact

As an invasive species, Carpobrotus edulis can outcompete native vegetation, leading to reduced biodiversity. Its dense mats can alter soil composition and hydrology, making it difficult for other plants to establish. In some areas, efforts are underway to control or eradicate the plant to protect native ecosystems.

Uses

In its native range, the fruit of Carpobrotus edulis is consumed by humans and animals. The plant is also used for its medicinal properties, including treatment for sore throats and burns. Additionally, it is sometimes planted for erosion control due to its extensive root system.

Control Measures

Various methods are employed to control the spread of Carpobrotus edulis, including mechanical removal, herbicide application, and biological control. Restoration of native vegetation is often necessary to prevent re-invasion.

Related Species

Carpobrotus edulis is closely related to other species in the Carpobrotus genus, such as Carpobrotus acinaciformis and Carpobrotus chilensis. These species share similar habitats and morphological characteristics.

See Also

• Invasive species
• Succulent plant
• Aizoaceae
• Erosion control