Heart development

Heart development refers to the process by which the heart forms in the embryo. This process begins shortly after conception and continues throughout pregnancy. The development of the heart is a complex process that involves a series of coordinated events, including the formation of the heart tube, looping of the heart tube, and the formation of the heart chambers and valves.

Formation of the Heart Tube

The heart begins to form in the embryo as a simple tube, known as the heart tube. This tube is formed from a layer of cells called the endoderm, which lines the inside of the early embryo. The endoderm cells begin to fold inwards and meet in the middle to form the heart tube. This process is known as gastrulation.

Looping of the Heart Tube

Once the heart tube has formed, it begins to loop. This looping process is crucial for the correct positioning of the heart chambers and valves. The heart tube first bends to the right and then to the left, forming a loop. This process is known as cardiac looping.

Formation of the Heart Chambers and Valves

The heart tube then begins to form the different chambers of the heart, including the atria and the ventricles. This process is known as chamber specification. The heart tube also forms the heart valves, which ensure that blood flows in the correct direction through the heart. This process is known as valve formation.

Regulation of Heart Development

The development of the heart is regulated by a number of different factors, including genes, growth factors, and signaling pathways. These factors work together to ensure that the heart develops correctly.

Abnormal Heart Development

Abnormal heart development can lead to a number of different congenital heart defects, including atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, and tetralogy of Fallot. These defects can have serious consequences for the health of the individual and may require surgical intervention.

See Also

• Cardiac embryology
• Congenital heart defect
• Heart

References

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