Capnocytophaga canimorsus

Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that is commonly found in the microflora of the canine and feline oral cavity. It is known to cause severe illness in humans, particularly those with weakened immune systems or those who have been bitten by a dog or cat.

Characteristics

Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a facultative anaerobe, meaning it can grow in both the presence and absence of oxygen. It is also catalase-positive and oxidase-positive, which are important characteristics for its identification in the laboratory.

Pathogenesis

Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a rare cause of sepsis, meningitis, endocarditis, and other severe infections in humans. These infections are often associated with dog or cat bites, hence the species name canimorsus, which means "dog-biter". The bacterium can enter the bloodstream through the bite wound and cause a systemic infection.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis of Capnocytophaga canimorsus infection is typically made by blood culture, although it can be difficult to grow in the laboratory due to its slow growth rate and fastidious nature. Treatment usually involves antibiotics, with penicillin and cephalosporin being the most commonly used.

Prevention

Prevention of Capnocytophaga canimorsus infection involves avoiding dog and cat bites, particularly for those with weakened immune systems. In the event of a bite, immediate medical attention should be sought to clean and treat the wound.

See Also

• Capnocytophaga
• Dog bite
• Zoonosis