Capillaria hepatica

Capillaria hepatica, also known as Calodium hepaticum, is a parasitic nematode that primarily infects the liver of various mammals, including rodents and occasionally humans. It is responsible for the disease known as hepatic capillariasis.

Morphology

Capillaria hepatica is a small, thread-like worm. The adult worms reside in the liver parenchyma, where they lay eggs. The eggs are released into the environment when the host dies and the liver is consumed by scavengers or decomposes.

Lifecycle

Lifecycle of Capillaria hepatica

The lifecycle of Capillaria hepatica is unique among nematodes. The eggs are not immediately infective and require a period of development in the environment. Once the eggs are ingested by a suitable host, they hatch in the intestine, and the larvae migrate to the liver, where they mature into adult worms.

Pathogenesis

Infection with Capillaria hepatica can lead to hepatic capillariasis, characterized by liver damage due to the presence of adult worms and eggs. Symptoms in humans may include abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, and eosinophilia. Severe infections can lead to liver failure.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Capillaria hepatica infection is challenging due to the rarity of the disease and the non-specific nature of symptoms. It is often diagnosed post-mortem or through liver biopsy, where eggs and adult worms can be identified.

Treatment

Treatment options for hepatic capillariasis include antiparasitic medications such as albendazole or mebendazole. Supportive care may be necessary in severe cases to manage liver damage.

Epidemiology

Capillaria hepatica is found worldwide, with infections reported in various mammals, particularly rodents. Human cases are rare but have been documented in several countries.

Prevention

Preventive measures include controlling rodent populations and avoiding the consumption of potentially contaminated food or water. Proper sanitation and hygiene practices can reduce the risk of infection.

Related pages

• Nematode
• Parasitic disease
• Hepatic capillariasis