Cane toad

Cane Toad

A male cane toad

The cane toad (Rhinella marina), also known as the giant neotropical toad or marine toad, is a large, terrestrial amphibian native to Central and South America. It has been introduced to various regions, including Australia, where it is considered an invasive species.

Description

A female cane toad

Cane toads are characterized by their robust bodies and dry, warty skin. They can grow up to 15 cm (6 inches) in length, with females generally larger than males. The skin color varies from olive-brown to reddish-brown, with a lighter underbelly.

Habitat and Distribution

Cane toad in Taveuni

Cane toads are highly adaptable and can thrive in a variety of environments, including forests, grasslands, and urban areas. They are native to Central and South America but have been introduced to other regions such as Australia, the Caribbean, and the Pacific Islands.

Reproduction

Cane toad spawn

Cane toads reproduce in large numbers, with females laying thousands of eggs in water bodies. The eggs hatch into tadpoles, which undergo metamorphosis into juvenile toads. This rapid reproduction contributes to their success as an invasive species.

Diet

Cane toads are opportunistic feeders, consuming a wide range of prey including insects, small mammals, and other amphibians. Their diet and voracious appetite allow them to outcompete native species for resources.

Impact as an Invasive Species

A kookaburra with a cane toad

In regions where they have been introduced, cane toads have had significant ecological impacts. They are toxic to many predators, leading to declines in native species that attempt to eat them. Their presence also disrupts local ecosystems by competing with native fauna for food and habitat.

Defense Mechanisms

Cane toads possess parotoid glands that secrete a potent toxin, which deters predators. This toxin can be lethal to many animals, including domestic pets and native wildlife.

Conservation and Management

Efforts to control cane toad populations include physical removal, habitat modification, and research into biological control methods. Public awareness campaigns also aim to reduce the spread of this invasive species.

Related Pages

• Invasive species
• Amphibian
• Ecosystem