Cancellous
Cancellous (kan-suh-luhs)
Cancellous (pronounced as /ˈkænsələs/), also known as trabecular or spongy bone, is one of the two types of osseous tissues found in the human body. The term "cancellous" is derived from the Latin word "cancelli", which means lattice, referring to the lattice-like structure of this type of bone.
Definition
Cancellous bone, unlike its counterpart, the compact bone, is characterized by a sponge-like structure. It is highly vascular and contains red bone marrow where hematopoiesis, the production of blood cells, occurs.
Structure
The structure of cancellous bone is composed of a network of trabeculae, or rod-shaped tissue. These trabeculae are organized along lines of stress to provide strength to the bone. The spaces within this network are filled with bone marrow, providing a site for the production of blood cells.
Function
Cancellous bone serves several key functions in the body. It provides structural support and flexibility without the weight of compact bone. It also houses the bone marrow, where new blood cells are produced, and serves as a reservoir for minerals, particularly calcium and phosphate.
Clinical Significance
Changes in the structure and function of cancellous bone can lead to diseases such as osteoporosis, where the bone becomes less dense and more prone to fracture. In addition, certain cancers, such as multiple myeloma, can affect the bone marrow within the cancellous bone, leading to a variety of complications.
Related Terms
- Osteocyte: A cell that lies within the substance of fully formed bone.
- Osteoblast: The bone cell responsible for forming new bone.
- Osteoclast: A cell that nibbles at and breaks down bone and is responsible for bone resorption.
- Hematopoiesis: The process of creating new blood cells in the body.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Cancellous
- Wikipedia's article - Cancellous
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