Calcium-sensing receptor

Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a class C G-protein coupled receptor which senses the levels of extracellular calcium in the human body. It plays a vital role in maintaining calcium homeostasis.

Function

The Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is primarily found in the parathyroid gland, and the kidneys. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of calcium within the body, or calcium homeostasis. The receptor's main function is to regulate the body's calcium levels. When the receptor senses high levels of calcium in the blood, it acts to bring the levels down, and when it senses low levels, it acts to increase the calcium levels.

Structure

The CaSR is a member of the G-protein coupled receptor family. It is a large protein with a complex structure. The receptor is made up of several different domains, each with a specific function. The extracellular domain is responsible for sensing calcium levels, while the intracellular domain is involved in sending signals to the rest of the cell.

Clinical significance

Mutations in the CaSR gene can lead to a number of diseases, including familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH), neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism (NSHPT), and autosomal dominant hypocalcemia (ADH). These diseases are characterized by abnormal calcium levels in the body, which can lead to a variety of symptoms, including fatigue, muscle weakness, and depression.

See also

• G protein-coupled receptor
• Parathyroid gland
• Kidney
• Calcium homeostasis