CD3
CD3
CD3 (pronounced "C-D-three") is a complex of proteins that associates with the T-cell receptor (TCR) and plays a crucial role in T-cell activation.
Etymology
The term "CD3" stands for "Cluster of Differentiation 3". The name is derived from the process of cell differentiation, where the CD3 complex plays a significant role.
Function
CD3 is a part of the T-cell receptor complex and is involved in the process of T-cell activation. It is composed of four different polypeptide chains (ε, γ, δ, and ζ), which are encoded by separate genes. The CD3 components are responsible for transmitting the intracellular signals that are generated upon the binding of the TCR to an antigen-presenting cell. This signal transduction leads to T-cell activation and the initiation of an immune response.
Related Terms
- T-cell receptor: The T-cell receptor (TCR) is a protein complex found on the surface of T cells that is responsible for recognizing antigens bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules.
- Antigen-presenting cell: An antigen-presenting cell (APC) is a type of immune cell that captures, processes, and presents antigens to T cells to initiate an immune response.
- Signal transduction: Signal transduction is the process by which a signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events, most commonly protein phosphorylation catalyzed by protein kinases, which ultimately results in a cellular response.
- Immune response: The immune response is the body's defensive reaction to invasion by bacteria, viruses, or foreign substances. It involves the activation and coordination of immune cells, including T cells, to eliminate the invading pathogens.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on CD3
- Wikipedia's article - CD3
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