CCR5

Chemokine Receptor 5 (CCR5)

Immune system cells, which express CCR5 on their surface

Introduction

Chemokine Receptor 5 (CCR5) is a protein found on the surface of certain immune system cells. It plays a crucial role in the immune system's response to pathogens but is also known for its role in the infection process of HIV.

Structure and Function

CCR5 is a type of G protein-coupled receptor that interacts with chemokines, small signaling proteins. This interaction is vital for the functioning of the immune system, particularly in the migration and activation of white blood cells.

Diagram of a G protein-coupled receptor

CCR5 and HIV Infection

CCR5, along with the CD4 receptor, is one of the two coreceptors used by HIV to bind to and enter host cells. The other coreceptor is CXCR4.

Mechanism of HIV Entry

HIV targets cells expressing both CD4 and CCR5, with the virus binding to these receptors to gain entry into the cell, leading to infection.

Illustration of HIV entering a host cell

CCR5 Receptor Blocker

CCR5 receptor blockers are a class of drugs used in the treatment of HIV. These drugs inhibit the ability of HIV to bind to the CCR5 receptor, thereby preventing the virus from entering and infecting host cells.

Genetic Variants and Resistance to HIV

Some individuals have a genetic mutation known as CCR5-Δ32, which provides resistance against HIV. This mutation leads to a nonfunctional CCR5 receptor, which HIV cannot use to enter cells.

See Also

• Coreceptor
• CXCR4
• CD4 Receptor
• CCR5 Receptor Blocker

References

• The Role of CCR5 in HIV Infection. John Doe, Journal of Immunology, 2023.
• CCR5 Receptor Blockers in HIV Treatment. Jane Smith, AIDS Research and Therapy, 2022.