C-C chemokine receptor type 7

C-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CCR7) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCR7 gene. CCR7 is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family, and has been identified as a key regulator of homeostasis and inflammatory processes.

Structure

CCR7 is a seven-transmembrane, G protein-coupled receptor that is approximately 378 amino acids in length. The gene encoding CCR7 is located on the short arm of chromosome 17 (17q12-q21.2). The receptor is primarily expressed on various cells of the immune system, including T cells, B cells, and dendritic cells.

Function

CCR7 has a crucial role in directing the migration of lymphocytes and dendritic cells towards lymphoid tissues and lymph nodes. It does this by binding to its ligands, CCL19 and CCL21, which are expressed in these tissues. This process is vital for the immune response and the development of immune tolerance.

Clinical significance

Alterations in CCR7 function or expression have been linked to various diseases, including autoimmune diseases, cancer, and HIV infection. In cancer, overexpression of CCR7 has been associated with increased metastasis and poor prognosis. In HIV infection, the virus uses CCR7 to enter and infect T cells.

Research

Research into CCR7 is ongoing, with a focus on understanding its role in disease processes and developing potential therapeutic interventions. For example, drugs that block CCR7 function could potentially be used to treat autoimmune diseases or prevent cancer metastasis.

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