Botrytis cinerea
Botrytis cinerea (pronunciation: boh-TRY-tis sin-EER-ee-uh) is a necrotrophic fungus that affects many plant species, although its most notable hosts may be wine grapes. In viticulture, it is commonly known as botrytis bunch rot; in horticulture, it is usually called grey mould or gray mold.
Etymology
The name Botrytis cinerea is derived from the Ancient Greek words botrys, meaning "grape", and cinerea, meaning "ash-colored". This refers to the greyish appearance of the mold on the grapes it infects.
Description
Botrytis cinerea is characterized by its ability to produce conidiophores, structures that bear conidia or spores. The fungus also produces sclerotia, which are compact masses of hardened fungal mycelium that can survive in unfavorable conditions.
Life Cycle
The life cycle of Botrytis cinerea involves the production of sclerotia, which can overwinter in soil or plant debris. When conditions are favorable, the sclerotia germinate to produce mycelium or conidiophores. The conidia are then dispersed by wind or water to infect new hosts.
Disease Symptoms
Infection by Botrytis cinerea is characterized by the appearance of a grey or brownish mold on the plant. The infected tissues eventually become soft and watery, and may collapse under the weight of the mold.
Management
Management of Botrytis cinerea involves a combination of cultural practices, such as pruning and canopy management, and the application of fungicides. Biological control agents, such as certain species of bacteria and fungi, may also be used.
Economic Importance
Botrytis cinerea is a significant pathogen in viticulture, as it can cause severe yield losses. However, in some cases, infection by Botrytis cinerea can be beneficial, as it can contribute to the production of high-quality dessert wines, such as Sauternes and Tokaji.
See Also
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