Bone metabolism

Bone Metabolism

Bone metabolism (pronunciation: /boʊn mɛtəˈbɑːlɪzəm/) refers to the ongoing process of bone tissue renewal and repair, which is crucial for maintaining the structural integrity of the skeletal system. This process involves two key components: bone formation and bone resorption.

Etymology

The term "bone metabolism" is derived from the Greek words "osteon" (bone) and "metabole" (change).

Bone Formation

Bone formation, or osteogenesis, is the process by which new bone tissue is produced. This process is primarily carried out by specialized cells known as osteoblasts. Osteoblasts synthesize and secrete a matrix of collagen and other proteins, which then mineralizes to form new bone.

Bone Resorption

Bone resorption is the process by which existing bone tissue is broken down and its minerals are released into the bloodstream. This process is primarily carried out by cells known as osteoclasts. Osteoclasts secrete enzymes and acids that dissolve the mineralized bone matrix, allowing the released minerals to be reabsorbed by the body.

Regulation of Bone Metabolism

The balance between bone formation and bone resorption is regulated by a complex interplay of hormones, including parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, and vitamin D. Disruptions in this balance can lead to bone diseases such as osteoporosis and osteomalacia.

Related Terms

• Osteoporosis: A condition characterized by a decrease in bone density, leading to an increased risk of fracture.
• Osteomalacia: A condition characterized by softening of the bones, often caused by a deficiency of vitamin D or problems with its absorption.
• Osteoblasts: Cells that produce new bone tissue.
• Osteoclasts: Cells that break down bone tissue.
• Parathyroid hormone: A hormone that regulates calcium levels in the blood and bone metabolism.
• Calcitonin: A hormone that helps regulate blood calcium levels and bone metabolism.
• Vitamin D: A vitamin that is important for bone health and calcium absorption.

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