Body mass index (BMI)

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Body Mass Index (BMI)

The Body Mass Index (BMI), pronounced /ˈbɒdi mæs ˈɪndɛks/, is a value derived from the mass (weight) and height of an individual. The BMI is defined as the individual's body mass divided by the square of their height. It is an internationally used measure of obesity.

Etymology

The term "Body Mass Index" was first coined by the Belgian polymath Adolphe Quetelet during the 19th century. It was developed as part of his "social physics" and is sometimes referred to as the Quetelet Index.

Calculation

The BMI is universally expressed in kg/m², resulting from mass in kilograms and height in meters. If pounds and inches are used, a conversion factor of 703 (kg/m²)/(lb/in²) must be applied. The formula is:

BMI = mass(kg) / height(m)²

Categories

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines these categories of BMI for adults:

  • Underweight: BMI less than 18.5
  • Normal weight: BMI 18.5–24.9
  • Overweight: BMI 25–29.9
  • Obesity: BMI 30 or greater

Limitations

While the BMI can contribute to an assessment of an individual's weight and health status, it is to be noted that it is not a direct measure of body fat. Factors such as muscle mass and distribution of fat can influence the BMI.

Related Terms

See Also

External links

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