Bivalves
Bivalves
Bivalves (pronounced: /ˈbaɪvælvz/), also known as Pelecypoda (pronounced: /ˌpɛlɪˈsaɪpədə/), are a large class of mollusks that includes clams, oysters, mussels, scallops, and numerous other families that live in saltwater as well as freshwater habitats. The name "bivalve" is derived from the Latin bis, meaning "two", and valvae, meaning "leaves of a door".
Anatomy
Bivalves have a hard calcium carbonate shell made of two parts or "valves". The two valves are connected by a hinge ligament, and are opened and closed by two adductor muscles. The body of the bivalve is enclosed within the mantle cavity, which also contains gills used for respiration and filter feeding.
Life Cycle
The life cycle of bivalves varies greatly between different families and species. However, most bivalves reproduce by releasing eggs and sperm into the water, where fertilization occurs. The resulting larvae, known as veligers, are planktonic and undergo several stages of development before settling on the substrate and metamorphosing into juvenile bivalves.
Ecology
Bivalves play important roles in aquatic ecosystems. As filter feeders, they help to purify the water by removing organic particles and phytoplankton. Some species also serve as important prey for a variety of marine and freshwater animals.
Economic Importance
Many species of bivalves are economically important as food sources for humans. These include oysters, clams, mussels, and scallops. Some species, such as pearl oysters and freshwater mussels, are also harvested for the precious pearls they produce.
See Also
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