Birefringence
Birefringence (pronunciation: /ˌbaɪrɪˈfrɪndʒəns/) is a property of certain materials that causes light to refract in two different directions. This phenomenon is also known as double refraction.
Etymology
The term "birefringence" is derived from the Latin words "bis" meaning "twice" and "refringere" meaning "to break up". This refers to the way light is split into two separate beams when it passes through a birefringent material.
Explanation
When light passes through a birefringent material, it is split into two beams, each polarized at right angles to the other and travelling at different speeds. This causes a phase difference, resulting in the light waves interfering with each other and producing a range of colors when viewed from different angles. The degree of birefringence can be quantified as the difference in refractive indices along the two axes of the material.
Related Terms
- Polarization: The property of wave motion where the oscillations occur in a single plane.
- Refractive index: A measure of how much a ray of light refracts when it enters a material from another medium.
- Optical axis: A line of symmetry in an optical system.
- Phase difference: The difference in phase between two waves.
Applications
Birefringence has a wide range of applications in fields such as geology, physics, and optical engineering. It is used in the manufacture of optical components and devices, including polarizing filters, optical fibers, and liquid crystal displays.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Birefringence
- Wikipedia's article - Birefringence
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