Biofertilizer

Biofertilizer is a substance which contains living microorganisms which, when applied to seeds, plant surfaces, or soil, colonize the rhizosphere or the interior of the plant and promotes growth by increasing the supply or availability of primary nutrients to the host plant.

Introduction

Biofertilizers add nutrients through the natural processes of nitrogen fixation, solubilizing phosphorus, and stimulating plant growth through the synthesis of growth-promoting substances. Biofertilizers can be expected to reduce the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. The microorganisms in biofertilizers restore the soil's natural nutrient cycle and build soil organic matter.

Types of Biofertilizers

Biofertilizers are classified into different types based on the type of nutrient they supplement to the plants. The major types of biofertilizers include:

• Nitrogen Fixing Biofertilizers: These are the most commonly used biofertilizers, which include free-living non-symbiotic bacteria like Azotobacter and symbiotic bacteria like Rhizobium.

• Phosphate Solubilizing Biofertilizers: These biofertilizers are capable of converting insoluble phosphates into simple and soluble forms. Examples include bacteria such as Pseudomonas and Bacillus.

• Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR): These are the bacteria that are capable of promoting plant growth. Examples include Pseudomonas, Azospirillum etc.

Benefits of Biofertilizers

Biofertilizers provide eco-friendly organic agro-input. Other benefits include:

• They are cost-effective compared to chemical fertilizers.
• They increase crop yield by 20-30%.
• They provide immunity to plant species against certain root borne diseases.
• They are safe for human, animal and environment health.

Application of Biofertilizers

Biofertilizers are usually applied through seed treatment, soil treatment and seedling root dip method. The method of application varies with the type of crops and biofertilizers.

Conclusion

Biofertilizers play a crucial role in maintaining long-term soil fertility and sustainability. The use of biofertilizers is a step towards organic farming and sustainable agriculture.

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