Azole antifungals
Azole Antifungals
Azole antifungals (pronunciation: /ˈæzoʊl/ /ˌæntiˈfʌŋɡəl/) are a class of drugs commonly used to treat fungal infections. The term "azole" comes from the organic chemistry nomenclature, referring to compounds that contain a five-membered aromatic ring with at least one nitrogen atom.
Types of Azole Antifungals
Azole antifungals can be divided into two groups: imidazoles and triazoles. Imidazoles include drugs such as clotrimazole, miconazole, and ketoconazole. Triazoles include fluconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole.
Mechanism of Action
Azole antifungals work by inhibiting the enzyme lanosterol 14α-demethylase, which is necessary for the synthesis of ergosterol, a vital component of the fungal cell membrane. This disruption leads to changes in the cell membrane that result in impaired function and fungal cell death.
Uses
Azole antifungals are used to treat a wide range of fungal infections, including candidiasis, cryptococcosis, and aspergillosis. They can also be used prophylactically in patients with compromised immune systems, such as those undergoing chemotherapy or organ transplantation.
Side Effects
Common side effects of azole antifungals include nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. More serious side effects can include liver damage and heart failure. It is important for patients to discuss potential side effects with their healthcare provider before starting treatment.
Interactions
Azole antifungals can interact with many other medications, including certain antibiotics, antidepressants, and anticoagulants. These interactions can lead to increased side effects or decreased effectiveness of the azole or the other medication.
See Also
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