Azazel

Detail of East Window, Lincoln Cathedral (14224253959)

Demon or spirit in various religious traditions

Azazel is a figure in various religious traditions, often depicted as a demon or a fallen angel. The name Azazel appears in the Hebrew Bible, specifically in the Book of Leviticus, and is also mentioned in apocryphal and pseudepigraphal texts such as the Book of Enoch. The character of Azazel has been interpreted in different ways across Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

Etymology

The name Azazel is derived from the Hebrew words "azaz" (meaning "strong" or "rugged") and "el" (meaning "God"). Some scholars interpret the name to mean "God strengthens" or "God's strong one."

In Judaism

In the Hebrew Bible, Azazel is mentioned in the context of the Day of Atonement ritual described in the Book of Leviticus (Leviticus 16:8-10). During this ritual, a scapegoat was sent into the wilderness "for Azazel," symbolically carrying the sins of the people away. The exact nature of Azazel in this context is debated, with interpretations ranging from a wilderness demon to a symbolic representation of sin.

Book of Enoch

In the Book of Enoch, Azazel is one of the fallen angels who rebelled against God. He is depicted as a leader of the Watchers, angels who descended to Earth and took human wives. Azazel is credited with teaching humans various forbidden arts, including the use of weapons and cosmetics. As a result of his actions, he is bound and cast into a desert by the archangel Raphael.

In Christianity

In Christianity, Azazel is often identified with Satan or Lucifer, the leader of the fallen angels. The association with the scapegoat ritual in Leviticus has also led to interpretations of Azazel as a symbol of Christ's atonement for humanity's sins.

In Islam

In Islam, Azazel is sometimes identified with Iblis, the jinn who refused to bow to Adam and was cast out of heaven. However, this identification is not universally accepted, and Azazel is also considered a separate entity in some Islamic traditions.

Cultural Impact

Azazel has appeared in various works of literature, film, and popular culture. He is often depicted as a powerful and malevolent figure, embodying the concept of rebellion against divine authority.

See also

• Fallen angel
• Scapegoat
• Book of Enoch
• Day of Atonement
• Satan
• Iblis

References

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