Axon reflex
Axon reflex (pronounced: /ˈæksɒn ˈriːflɛks/) is a type of neural reflex that involves the activation of an axon, leading to a response in the same or a neighboring neuron.
Etymology
The term "axon reflex" is derived from the Greek word "axon" (meaning axis) and the Latin word "reflexus" (meaning bent back). It was first used in the late 19th century to describe the phenomenon where stimulation of a peripheral nerve fiber resulted in a response in the same or a neighboring fiber.
Definition
The axon reflex is a type of neural reflex that bypasses the central nervous system. It is initiated by the activation of a sensory neuron's axon, which sends a signal to a neighboring neuron or back to the same neuron, causing a response. This response can include the release of neurotransmitters, changes in membrane potential, or other physiological changes.
Mechanism
The axon reflex is initiated when a stimulus activates a sensory neuron. This activation causes an action potential to travel along the axon to the axon terminal, where it triggers the release of neurotransmitters. These neurotransmitters can then bind to receptors on the same neuron (autocrine signaling) or on a neighboring neuron (paracrine signaling), causing a response.
Clinical significance
The axon reflex plays a key role in several physiological processes, including pain perception, inflammation, and vasodilation. It is also involved in certain pathological conditions, such as neuropathic pain and migraines. Understanding the mechanisms of the axon reflex can therefore have important implications for the treatment of these conditions.
Related terms
- Neuron
- Neural reflex
- Sensory neuron
- Action potential
- Neurotransmitter
- Receptor
- Pain
- Inflammation
- Vasodilation
- Neuropathic pain
- Migraine
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Axon reflex
- Wikipedia's article - Axon reflex
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