Ashurbanipal

Ashurbanipal

Ashurbanipal was the last great king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, reigning from 668 BC to 627 BC. He is renowned for his extensive library at Nineveh and his military campaigns that expanded and secured the Assyrian Empire's territories. Ashurbanipal's reign marked the zenith of Assyrian power and culture.

Early Life

Ashurbanipal was born to King Esarhaddon and Queen Naqi'a. As a prince, he was educated in the arts of writing, mathematics, and military strategy. His father, Esarhaddon, appointed him as crown prince, bypassing his older brothers, which led to internal family conflicts.

Reign

Ashurbanipal ascended to the throne after the death of his father in 668 BC. His reign is noted for both cultural achievements and military conquests.

Military Campaigns

Ashurbanipal led several successful military campaigns, including the conquest of Elam and the suppression of revolts in Babylonia. His campaigns extended Assyrian control over Egypt, parts of Anatolia, and the Levant.

Cultural Achievements

One of Ashurbanipal's most significant contributions was the establishment of the Library of Ashurbanipal in Nineveh. This library housed thousands of clay tablets containing texts on various subjects, including literature, science, and law. The library is considered one of the earliest known collections of written knowledge.

The Library of Ashurbanipal

The library was a monumental achievement in the preservation of Mesopotamian culture. It contained the famous "Epic of Gilgamesh" and other important works. The library's discovery in the 19th century provided invaluable insights into ancient Mesopotamian civilization.

Decline and Death

Despite his successes, Ashurbanipal's later years were marked by internal strife and rebellion. After his death in 627 BC, the Assyrian Empire began to decline rapidly, eventually falling to the Babylonians and Medes in 612 BC.

Legacy

Ashurbanipal is remembered as a patron of the arts and a formidable military leader. His library remains a testament to the intellectual achievements of the Assyrian Empire.

Also see

• Esarhaddon
• Neo-Assyrian Empire
• Library of Ashurbanipal
• Epic of Gilgamesh

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  The Royal lion hunt reliefs from the Assyrian palace at Nineveh, the king is hunting, about 645-635 BC, British Museum
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  Sam'al stele of Esarhaddon, 671 BCE, Pergamon Museum
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  Zakutu Treaty
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  Ashurbanipal II's army attacking Memphis, Egypt, 645-635 BCE, from Nineveh, Iraq. British Museum
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  Rassam Prism of Ashurbanipal, 10-sided prism, Nineveh, 643 BCE
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  Battle of Ulai (composite)
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  Exhibition I am Ashurbanipal king of the world, king of Assyria, British Museum
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  Palace relief from Nineveh - Pergamonmuseum - Berlin - Germany 2017
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  Detail of a stone monument of Shamash-shum-ukin as a basket-bearer. 668-655 BCE. From the temple of Nabu at Borsippa, Iraq and is currently housed in the British Museum
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  Confirmation of land grant by Shamash-shum-ukim - BM 77611-2