Arsanilic acid

Chemical compound

Arsanilic acid equilibrium diagram

p-Arsanilic acid is an organoarsenic compound with the formula C₆H₈AsNO₃. It is one of the simplest aromatic arsenic compounds and is structurally related to aniline, with an arsenic atom replacing the nitrogen atom in the amino group.

Structure and Properties

3D ball model of p-Arsanilic acid

p-Arsanilic acid consists of a benzene ring substituted with an arsenic-containing amino group (AsO₃H₂) at the para position. This compound is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water. The presence of the arsenic atom gives it unique chemical properties compared to its nitrogen analogs.

Synthesis

p-Arsanilic acid can be synthesized through the reaction of aniline with arsenic acid. The process involves the diazotization of aniline followed by a reaction with sodium arsenite, resulting in the formation of the arsanilic acid.

Applications

Historically, p-arsanilic acid was used as a feed additive in poultry and swine production to promote growth and improve feed efficiency. However, due to concerns about arsenic residues in food products and the environment, its use has been discontinued in many countries.

Toxicity and Safety

Arsenic compounds, including p-arsanilic acid, are known for their toxicity. Exposure to arsenic can lead to various health issues, including skin lesions, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. As a result, the handling and disposal of p-arsanilic acid require careful management to prevent environmental contamination and human exposure.

Related Compounds

p-Arsanilic acid is related to other organoarsenic compounds such as Roxarsone and Nitarsone, which have also been used in animal husbandry. These compounds share similar structural features and applications but differ in their specific chemical properties and regulatory status.

Related pages

• Arsenic
• Organoarsenic chemistry
• Aniline