Antiepileptic drug

Antiepileptic drugs (pronunciation: an-tee-ep-i-lep-tic drugs), also known as antiseizure drugs or anticonvulsants, are a diverse group of pharmacological agents used in the treatment of epileptic seizures.

Etymology

The term "antiepileptic" comes from the Greek words "anti-", meaning against, and "epilepsia", meaning seizure.

Classification

Antiepileptic drugs are often classified into two groups:

1. Traditional antiepileptic drugs, such as phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproate, and ethosuximide. 2. Newer antiepileptic drugs, including lamotrigine, gabapentin, topiramate, and levetiracetam.

Mechanism of Action

Antiepileptic drugs work by altering the electrical activity of neurons in the brain. They do this by modifying ion channels, enhancing GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) inhibition, or reducing glutamate excitation.

Side Effects

Common side effects of antiepileptic drugs include dizziness, drowsiness, and nausea. More serious side effects can include depression, skin rashes, and liver problems.

Related Terms

Epilepsy: A neurological disorder marked by sudden recurrent episodes of sensory disturbance, loss of consciousness, or convulsions, associated with abnormal electrical activity in the brain.
Seizure: A sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain.
Pharmacology: The branch of medicine concerned with the uses, effects, and modes of action of drugs.

External links

Medical encyclopedia article on Antiepileptic drug
Wikipedia's article - Antiepileptic drug

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Antiepileptic drug