Ammonium carbamate

Ammonium Carbamate

Structural formula of ammonium carbamate

Ammonium carbamate is a chemical compound with the formula NH_COONH_. It is a white solid that is highly soluble in water and is commonly used in the production of urea. Ammonium carbamate is an intermediate in the industrial synthesis of urea, which is an important nitrogen-containing compound used as a fertilizer.

Structure and Properties

Ammonium carbamate is composed of ammonium ions (NH__) and carbamate ions (NH_COO_). The compound is formed by the reaction of ammonia (NH_) with carbon dioxide (CO_):

2 NH_ + CO_ _ NH_COONH_

This reaction is exothermic and occurs readily at room temperature. The structure of ammonium carbamate consists of a carbamate ion, which is a derivative of carbamic acid, and an ammonium ion.

Uses

Ammonium carbamate is primarily used in the production of urea, which is synthesized by heating ammonium carbamate:

NH_COONH_ _ (NH_)_CO + H_O

This reaction is carried out in the Haber-Bosch process for the industrial production of urea. Urea is a major component of fertilizers and is also used in the manufacture of plastics, resins, and pharmaceuticals.

Safety and Handling

Ammonium carbamate should be handled with care, as it can decompose to release ammonia and carbon dioxide gases. It is important to store it in a cool, dry place and to use appropriate personal protective equipment when handling the compound.

Related Compounds

• Ammonium carbonate
• Urea
• Carbamic acid

Related Pages

• Ammonia
• Carbon dioxide
• Haber-Bosch process