Allorecognition
Allorecognition (pronunciation: al-oh-rec-og-ni-zay-shun) is a biological process that allows an organism to distinguish its own cells and tissues from those of another organism. This process is crucial in various biological phenomena such as transplantation, transfusion, and pregnancy.
Etymology
The term "Allorecognition" is derived from the Greek word "allos" meaning "other" and the English word "recognition". It was first used in the context of immunology to describe the immune system's ability to recognize foreign cells or tissues.
Mechanisms of Allorecognition
There are three primary mechanisms of allorecognition: direct, indirect, and semi-direct.
- Direct Allorecognition - This is the most common form of allorecognition. It involves the recognition of foreign Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules by the recipient's T cells.
- Indirect Allorecognition - This mechanism involves the recognition of processed alloantigens presented by the recipient's own MHC molecules.
- Semi-Direct Allorecognition - This is a hybrid of the direct and indirect mechanisms. It involves the recognition of donor MHC molecules presented on the recipient's antigen-presenting cells.
Role in Transplantation
Allorecognition plays a crucial role in the success or failure of organ transplants. The immune system's ability to recognize and respond to foreign tissues can lead to transplant rejection. This is why matching the MHC molecules of the donor and recipient is critical in transplantation.
Role in Pregnancy
During pregnancy, the maternal immune system must tolerate the semi-allogeneic fetus. This is a unique form of allorecognition, as the mother's immune system must balance between protecting against infections and avoiding an immune response against the fetus.
Related Terms
- Immunology
- Transplantation
- Major Histocompatibility Complex
- Antigen-presenting cells
- Transplant rejection
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Allorecognition
- Wikipedia's article - Allorecognition
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