Algal bloom
Algal bloom (pronunciation: /ˈælɡəl ˈbluːm/) is a rapid increase or accumulation in the population of algae in freshwater or marine water systems. It is often recognized by the discoloration in the water from the algae's pigments.
Etymology
The term "algal bloom" is derived from the Old English "algae", meaning "seaweed", and the Middle English "blome", meaning "flower". The term is used to describe the rapid growth and accumulation of algae, similar to the blooming of flowers.
Types of Algal Blooms
There are two main types of algal blooms: harmful algal blooms (HABs) and non-harmful algal blooms. HABs can produce harmful toxins that can cause illness or death in humans and animals. Non-harmful algal blooms, on the other hand, do not produce toxins but can still negatively impact the environment by blocking sunlight and depleting oxygen in the water.
Causes
Algal blooms are caused by a variety of factors, including excess nutrients (particularly phosphorus and nitrogen), warm water temperatures, and calm water conditions. Human activities, such as agriculture and wastewater treatment, can contribute to the excess nutrients in water systems and thus promote algal blooms.
Effects
The effects of algal blooms can be harmful to both the environment and human health. They can deplete oxygen in the water, causing fish kills and other aquatic life deaths. In addition, some algal blooms produce toxins that can cause illness in humans and animals if ingested, inhaled, or come into contact with the skin.
Prevention and Control
Prevention and control of algal blooms involve reducing nutrient pollution, monitoring water quality, and in some cases, using algaecides. Water management strategies can also help prevent algal blooms by controlling water flow and nutrient levels.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Algal bloom
- Wikipedia's article - Algal bloom
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