Algae scrubber

Modern floating surface algae scrubber filter, floating on top of aquarium

Algae scrubber is a water filtering device which uses light to grow algae; in this process, undesirable chemicals are removed from the water. Algae scrubbers have allowed aquarium and pond hobbyists to maintain extremely pure water conditions, for both fresh and saltwater, by mimicking the natural process of water purification. This technology is also used in various commercial and industrial applications to improve water quality.

Overview

An algae scrubber is a device typically installed in the sump or over the side of an aquarium or pond. It consists of a rough, textured surface that is illuminated by strong lighting. This setup encourages the growth of algae on the surface. As water passes over the scrubber, nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates are absorbed by the growing algae, effectively removing them from the water column and reducing the likelihood of nuisance algae blooms in the main aquarium or pond.

Function

The primary function of an algae scrubber is to purify water by harnessing the natural process of photosynthesis. Algae, under the right conditions of light and water flow, consume carbon dioxide and nutrients from the water to grow. This process removes potentially harmful compounds that can accumulate in closed aquatic systems, leading to cleaner, clearer water and healthier conditions for aquatic life.

Types of Algae Scrubbers

There are several designs of algae scrubbers, including waterfall, upflow, and floating. Each type has its advantages and is chosen based on the specific needs of the aquarium or pond.

Waterfall

The waterfall design allows water to flow over a textured surface in a thin film, maximizing exposure to light and air. This design is effective but can be noisy due to the sound of falling water.

Upflow

In an upflow algae scrubber, water is pumped up through a screen or textured surface, where it comes in contact with illuminated algae. This design is quieter than the waterfall type and can be more efficient in certain setups.

Floating

Floating algae scrubbers float on the surface of the water, with a submerged light source. This design is less common but can be effective for specific applications where space or noise is a concern.

Benefits

The use of an algae scrubber can have several benefits for an aquarium or pond, including:

• Reduction of nitrates and phosphates
• Control of nuisance algae by outcompeting it for nutrients
• Increased oxygenation of the water
• Potential food source for herbivorous aquatic animals

Installation and Maintenance

Installing an algae scrubber requires consideration of water flow, lighting, and placement to ensure optimal growth conditions for the algae. Maintenance typically involves regular cleaning of the algae from the scrubber to maintain efficiency and prevent the system from becoming clogged.

Conclusion

Algae scrubbers offer a natural and efficient way to maintain high water quality in aquariums and ponds. By mimicking the natural process of photosynthesis, these devices can control nutrients and reduce the reliance on chemical filtration methods. With various designs available, there is an algae scrubber suitable for almost any aquatic system.