Alendronic acid

A bisphosphonate medication used to treat osteoporosis and other bone diseases

Chemical structure of alendronic acid

Alendronic acid, also known as alendronate, is a bisphosphonate medication used primarily to treat and prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and to increase bone mass in men with osteoporosis. It is also used to treat Paget's disease of bone and other conditions that lead to bone loss. Alendronic acid works by inhibiting osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, thereby leading to an overall increase in bone mineral density.

Medical uses

Alendronic acid is indicated for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, to increase bone mass in men with osteoporosis, and for the treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. It is also used in the management of Paget's disease of bone, a condition characterized by abnormal bone remodeling.

Osteoporosis

In osteoporosis, alendronic acid helps to reduce the risk of vertebral and hip fractures. It is often prescribed as a first-line treatment due to its efficacy in increasing bone mineral density and reducing fracture risk.

Paget's disease

For Paget's disease, alendronic acid helps to normalize the rate of bone turnover, alleviating symptoms and preventing complications associated with the disease.

Mechanism of action

Alendronic acid belongs to the class of drugs known as bisphosphonates. It works by binding to hydroxyapatite in bone, inhibiting the activity of osteoclasts, the cells responsible for bone resorption. This inhibition leads to a decrease in bone turnover, allowing for the maintenance or increase of bone density.

Administration

Alendronic acid is typically administered orally, in the form of tablets. It is important for patients to take the medication with a full glass of water, at least 30 minutes before consuming any food, beverages, or other medications, to ensure proper absorption. Patients are advised to remain upright for at least 30 minutes after taking the medication to reduce the risk of esophagitis.

Side effects

Common side effects of alendronic acid include gastrointestinal issues such as abdominal pain, dyspepsia, and nausea. More serious side effects can include esophageal irritation, osteonecrosis of the jaw, and atypical femoral fractures, although these are rare.

Contraindications

Alendronic acid is contraindicated in patients with abnormalities of the esophagus which delay esophageal emptying, such as stricture or achalasia, and in patients who cannot stand or sit upright for at least 30 minutes. It is also contraindicated in patients with hypocalcemia.

Related pages

• Bisphosphonate
• Osteoporosis
• Paget's disease of bone
• Osteoclast

3D molecular structure of alendronate

See also

• Risedronate
• Ibandronate
• Zoledronic acid