Affricate

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IPA Unicode 0x1DF24
IPA Unicode 0x1DF1F
IPA Unicode 0x1DF22
IPA Unicode 0x1DF20
IPA Unicode 0x1DF23
IPA Unicode 0x1DF21

Consonant that begins as a stop and releases as a fricative



An affricate is a consonant that begins as a stop and releases as a fricative, generally with the same place of articulation (most often coronal). Affricates are often represented by two symbols joined by a tie bar, such as [t͡ʃ] for the voiceless postalveolar affricate in English "ch" as in "chicken".

Characteristics

Affricates are distinguished from simple stops and fricatives by their manner of articulation. The stop component involves a complete closure of the vocal tract, which is then released into a fricative, where the closure is only partial, allowing air to pass through and create turbulence. This combination of a stop and a fricative in rapid succession is what characterizes an affricate.

Examples in Languages

Affricates are found in many of the world's languages. Some common examples include:

Phonetic Representation

In the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), affricates are typically represented by two symbols joined by a tie bar. For example:

  • [t͡ʃ] - voiceless postalveolar affricate
  • [d͡ʒ] - voiced postalveolar affricate
  • [t͡s] - voiceless alveolar affricate

Classification

Affricates can be classified based on their place of articulation and voicing:

Related Concepts

See Also


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