Adrenocorticotropic hormone (medication)

Medication used to treat certain medical conditions

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), also known as corticotropin, is a medication and naturally occurring polypeptide hormone used in the treatment of various medical conditions. It is primarily used to diagnose and treat disorders of the adrenal gland and is also employed in the management of certain autoimmune diseases.

Medical uses

Adrenocorticotropic hormone is used in the treatment of several conditions, including:

• Multiple sclerosis: ACTH is used to manage acute exacerbations of multiple sclerosis, helping to reduce inflammation and improve symptoms.
• Rheumatic disorders: It is used in the treatment of rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.
• Endocrine disorders: ACTH is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency and Cushing's syndrome.
• Dermatologic diseases: It is used to treat severe skin conditions such as psoriasis and eczema.
• Allergic states: ACTH can be used in the management of severe allergic reactions and anaphylaxis.

Mechanism of action

ACTH works by stimulating the adrenal cortex to produce and release corticosteroids, including cortisol, which play a crucial role in regulating metabolism, immune response, and stress response. The hormone binds to specific receptors on the adrenal cortex, triggering a cascade of biochemical events that lead to the synthesis and secretion of corticosteroids.

Administration

ACTH is typically administered via intramuscular injection or intravenous injection. The dosage and duration of treatment depend on the specific condition being treated and the patient's response to therapy.

Side effects

Common side effects of ACTH include:

• Hypertension
• Hyperglycemia
• Edema
• Hypokalemia
• Mood changes

Long-term use of ACTH can lead to osteoporosis, cataracts, and peptic ulcers.

Contraindications

ACTH is contraindicated in patients with:

• Systemic fungal infections
• Peptic ulcer disease
• Uncontrolled hypertension
• Congestive heart failure

History

The therapeutic use of ACTH was first discovered in the 1940s. It was initially used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory conditions. Over time, its use expanded to include a variety of autoimmune and endocrine disorders.

Related pages

• Adrenal gland
• Corticosteroid
• Endocrinology
• Hormone therapy

Gallery

Tetracosactide, a synthetic form of ACTH