Acid rain

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Acid Rain

Acid rain (/ˈæsɪd reɪn/) is a form of precipitation that is significantly more acidic than normal due to the presence of elevated levels of hydrogen ions. It is a major environmental issue that affects many parts of the world.

Etymology

The term "acid rain" was coined in the 19th century by Scottish chemist Robert Angus Smith during his investigation of rainwater chemistry near industrial cities in England and Scotland. The term is a direct translation of the German 'säure regen' which Smith had read about in the works of German foresters.

Definition

Acid rain is defined as any form of precipitation with acidic components, such as sulfuric or nitric acid, that fall to the ground from the atmosphere in wet or dry forms. This can include rain, snow, fog, hail or even dust that is acidic.

Causes

Acid rain is caused by a chemical reaction that begins when compounds like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released into the air. These substances can rise very high into the atmosphere, where they mix and react with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form more acidic pollutants, known as acid rain.

Effects

Acid rain has many ecological effects, but none is greater than its impact on lakes, streams, wetlands, and other aquatic environments. Acid rain makes waters acidic and causes them to absorb the aluminum that makes its way from soil into lakes and streams. This combination makes waters toxic to crayfish, clams, fish, and other aquatic animals.

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