Achaemenid empire
Achaemenid Empire
The Achaemenid Empire (== Template:IPA ==
The Template:IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) is a system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin alphabet. It was devised by the International Phonetic Association in the late 19th century as a standardized representation of the sounds of spoken language.
Pronunciation
The pronunciation of the term "IPA" is /aɪ piː eɪ/ in English.
Etymology
The term "IPA" is an acronym for the International Phonetic Alphabet. The International Phonetic Association, founded in 1886, created the IPA to provide a single, universal system for the transcription of spoken language.
Related Terms
- Phonetic notation: A system used to visually represent the sounds of speech. The IPA is one type of phonetic notation.
- Phonetics: The study of the physical sounds of human speech. It is concerned with the physical properties of speech sounds (phonemes), and the processes of their physiological production, auditory reception, and neurophysiological perception.
- Phonology: The study of the way sounds function within a particular language or languages. While phonetics concerns the physical production, acoustic transmission and perception of the sounds of speech, phonology describes the way sounds function within a particular language or languages.
- Transcription (linguistics): The systematic representation of spoken language in written form. The source of the words transcribe and transcription, the term means "to write across" in Latin, and it's the process of converting spoken language into written form. In linguistics, this is often done using the IPA.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Achaemenid empire
- Wikipedia's article - Achaemenid empire
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polski), also known as the First Persian Empire, was a major empire in the ancient world that stretched from the Indus Valley in the east to Thrace and Macedon on the northeastern border of Greece, making it the largest empire the world had seen at the time.
Etymology
The term "Achaemenid" is derived from the name of Achaemenes, the founder of the dynasty. The name itself is likely rooted in Old Persian, although the exact etymology is unclear.
History
The Achaemenid Empire was founded by Cyrus the Great in 550 BC, who overthrew the Median Empire to establish his rule. The empire expanded rapidly under his rule, and later under the rule of his successors, notably Darius the Great and Xerxes I.
Government and Administration
The Achaemenid Empire was characterized by a highly efficient and centralized bureaucracy, with a large professional army and civil service. It was divided into provinces called satrapies, each governed by a satrap.
Culture
The Achaemenid Empire was notable for its tolerance of cultural and religious diversity, which was reflected in the various cultural influences seen in its art and architecture.
Decline and Fall
The Achaemenid Empire fell to the armies of Alexander the Great in 330 BC, marking the end of Persian rule and the beginning of Hellenistic influence in the region.
Related Terms
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