AAA

AAA or Abdominal aortic aneurysm is a localized enlargement of the abdominal aorta such that the diameter is greater than 3 cm or more than 50% larger than normal diameter. They usually cause no symptoms except when ruptured. Occasionally, abdominal, back, or leg pain may occur. Large aneurysms can sometimes be felt by pushing on the abdomen. Rupture may result in pain in the lower back, intense abdominal pain, or symptoms of shock.

Etymology

The term "aneurysm" is derived from the Greek word "aneurysma", which means "dilation". This is related to the Greek word "aneuryno", which means "to dilate". The term "aortic" is derived from the Greek word "aorte", which means "that which is hung up" or "the great artery".

Risk Factors

Risk factors for an AAA include tobacco smoking, high blood pressure, male sex, and a family history of the condition. Other risk factors include Marfan syndrome and Ehlers Danlos syndrome. AAAs are the most common form of aortic aneurysm. About 85% occur below the kidneys, but they can also occur at the level of the kidneys or above the kidneys.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is typically by ultrasound or computed tomography. They are classified by size and the speed at which they are growing. Screening with ultrasound is indicated in those at high risk. Prevention is by decreasing risk factors, such as smoking, and treatment of high blood pressure.

Treatment

Treatment is typically either by open surgery or endovascular aneurysm repair. It is not clear if screening those at low risk is beneficial. AAAs have been found to be more common in smokers and those with high blood pressure, while they are less common in those with diabetes.

See Also

• Aneurysm
• Aorta
• Marfan syndrome
• Ehlers Danlos syndrome

References

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