Myelolipoma

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Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Myelolipoma
Synonyms	Adrenal myelolipoma
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Often asymptomatic, may cause abdominal pain if large
Complications	Hemorrhage, hypertension
Onset	Typically in adults
Duration	Chronic
Types	N/A
Causes	Unknown
Risks	Obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus
Diagnosis	CT scan, MRI, Ultrasound
Differential diagnosis	Adrenal adenoma, liposarcoma, pheochromocytoma
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Observation, surgical removal if symptomatic
Medication	None specific
Prognosis	Excellent if asymptomatic
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Myelolipoma histology HE

Myelolipoma CT

Incidences and prognoses of adrenal tumors

Myelolipoma is a rare, benign tumor composed of mature adipose tissue and normal hematopoietic elements. It is most commonly found in the adrenal gland, but can also occur in other parts of the body.

Epidemiology

Myelolipomas are rare tumors, with an incidence of less than 0.2% in the general population. They are most commonly found in adults aged 40-70 years, with a slight female predominance.

Pathophysiology

The exact cause of myelolipoma is unknown. It is thought to arise from the adrenal gland's reticuloendothelial cells, which have the ability to differentiate into both adipose and hematopoietic cells.

Clinical Presentation

Most myelolipomas are asymptomatic and are discovered incidentally during imaging studies for other conditions. When symptoms do occur, they are usually due to the mass effect of the tumor, causing pain or discomfort in the abdomen or back.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of myelolipoma is usually made based on imaging studies, such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These studies typically show a well-defined, heterogeneous mass with areas of fat and soft tissue density.

Treatment

The treatment of myelolipoma depends on the size and symptoms of the tumor. Small, asymptomatic tumors may be managed with observation and regular follow-up imaging. Larger tumors, or those causing symptoms, may require surgical removal.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with myelolipoma is generally good, as these tumors are benign and do not metastasize. However, complications can occur if the tumor grows large enough to cause symptoms or if it ruptures, causing internal bleeding.

See Also

• Adrenal gland
• Benign tumor
• Computed tomography
• Magnetic resonance imaging

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