Retrognathism

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Retrognathism
Synonyms	Mandibular retrognathia, Retrognathia
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Overbite, Sleep apnea, Speech difficulties
Complications	Temporomandibular joint disorder, Malocclusion
Onset
Duration
Types
Causes	Genetics, Developmental disorders, Trauma
Risks
Diagnosis	Clinical examination, Cephalometric analysis
Differential diagnosis	Micrognathia, Prognathism
Prevention
Treatment	Orthodontic treatment, Orthognathic surgery
Medication
Prognosis
Frequency
Deaths

Retrognathism is a condition characterized by a jaw that is set further back than normal. This can occur in either the upper jaw (maxilla) or lower jaw (mandible), but is most commonly associated with the lower jaw. Retrognathism can lead to problems with chewing, speech, and breathing, and may also affect a person's appearance.

Causes

Retrognathism can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetic conditions, developmental issues, and trauma to the jaw. Some people may be born with retrognathism, while others may develop it later in life due to injury or disease.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of retrognathism is a jaw that appears to be set back from the rest of the face. Other symptoms can include difficulty chewing or swallowing, speech problems, and breathing difficulties, particularly during sleep. In severe cases, retrognathism can lead to sleep apnea, a serious condition in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep.

Diagnosis

Retrognathism is typically diagnosed through a physical examination and imaging tests, such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans. These tests can help to determine the extent of the retrognathism and identify any underlying causes.

Treatment

Treatment for retrognathism depends on the severity of the condition and the underlying cause. In mild cases, treatment may not be necessary. In more severe cases, treatment options can include orthodontic treatment, surgery, or a combination of both. Orthodontic treatment can help to realign the teeth and improve the appearance of the jaw, while surgery can help to correct the position of the jaw and improve function.

See also

• Orthognathic surgery
• Maxillofacial surgery
• Orthodontics
• Sleep apnea

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