Penile cancer

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD's medical weight loss NYC, sleep center NYC
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Penile cancer
Synonyms	Cancer of the penis
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Lump on the penis, ulceration, bleeding, discharge
Complications	Metastasis, erectile dysfunction, urinary obstruction
Onset	Most common in men over 50
Duration	Long-term
Types	N/A
Causes	HPV, smoking, phimosis, poor hygiene
Risks	HPV infection, smoking, uncircumcised
Diagnosis	Biopsy, imaging studies
Differential diagnosis	STI, dermatitis, psoriasis
Prevention	HPV vaccine, circumcision, safe sex
Treatment	Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Depends on stage at diagnosis
Frequency	Rare, <1% of male cancers
Deaths	Varies by region

Penile cancer is a rare type of cancer that forms in the penis, an external male reproductive organ. Most cases of penile cancer are classified as squamous cell carcinomas, which begin in the flat cells lining the penis.

Types

Penile cancer primarily includes:

• Squamous cell carcinoma: The most common type, originating in the flat cells of the penis.
• Melanoma: A less common type, affecting the pigment cells in the skin of the penis.
• Other rarer types include adenocarcinoma, sarcoma, and basal cell carcinoma.

Causes and Risk Factors

While the exact cause of penile cancer is unknown, several risk factors have been identified, including:

• HPV infection
• Smegma buildup due to poor hygiene
• Phimosis
• Smoking
• Age (most common in men over 50)

Symptoms

Common symptoms of penile cancer include:

• A growth or sore on the penis, often painless
• Thickening of the skin of the penis
• Discoloration or change in the skin of the penis

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of penile cancer typically involves:

• Physical examination
• Biopsy
• Imaging tests such as MRI, CT scan, or ultrasound

Treatment

Treatment options vary based on the stage and type of cancer and may include:

• Surgery
• Radiation therapy
• Chemotherapy

Prevention

Preventive measures include practicing good hygiene, HPV vaccination, and avoiding tobacco use.

External Links

• American Cancer Society: Penile Cancer
• Urology Care Foundation: Penile Cancer

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