Dunnigan familial partial lipodystrophy

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Dunnigan familial partial lipodystrophy
Synonyms	Familial partial lipodystrophy type 2 (FPLD2)
Pronounce
Specialty	Endocrinology
Symptoms	Loss of subcutaneous fat from limbs and trunk, accumulation of fat in face and neck, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia
Complications	N/A
Onset	Puberty
Duration	Lifelong
Types	N/A
Causes	Mutations in the LMNA gene
Risks	Family history of the condition
Diagnosis	Genetic testing, clinical evaluation
Differential diagnosis	Other forms of lipodystrophy
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Diet, exercise, metformin, insulin
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Variable, depends on management of metabolic complications
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Dunnigan Familial Partial Lipodystrophy (also known as FPLD, FPLD2, or Kobberling-Dunnigan Syndrome) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the abnormal distribution of fat in the body. It is a type of lipodystrophy, a group of conditions that affect the body's ability to produce, use, and store fat.

Symptoms

The symptoms of Dunnigan Familial Partial Lipodystrophy typically become apparent during puberty. Affected individuals may initially appear normal, but as they reach puberty, they begin to lose subcutaneous fat from the arms, legs, and trunk. This is often accompanied by an increase in fat deposits in the face, neck, and intra-abdominal region. Other symptoms may include insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, diabetes mellitus, and polycystic ovary syndrome.

Causes

Dunnigan Familial Partial Lipodystrophy is caused by mutations in the LMNA gene. This gene provides instructions for making a protein that is an important component of the nuclear envelope, which surrounds the nucleus in cells. Mutations in the LMNA gene disrupt the normal structure and function of the nuclear envelope, leading to the abnormal distribution of fat in the body.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Dunnigan Familial Partial Lipodystrophy is based on the clinical symptoms, family history, and genetic testing. Genetic testing can confirm the presence of a mutation in the LMNA gene.

Treatment

There is currently no cure for Dunnigan Familial Partial Lipodystrophy. Treatment is focused on managing the symptoms and preventing complications. This may include lifestyle modifications, such as a healthy diet and regular exercise, and medications to manage insulin resistance and high triglyceride levels.

See also

• Lipodystrophy
• LMNA
• Insulin resistance
• Hypertriglyceridemia
• Diabetes mellitus
• Polycystic ovary syndrome

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