Pre-integration complex

Pre-integration complex is a viral particle that is formed during the viral replication process of retroviruses. This complex is formed after the viral genome has been reverse transcribed into DNA, but before this DNA is integrated into the host cell's genome.

Formation

The pre-integration complex is formed in the cytoplasm of the host cell, following the entry of the retrovirus. The viral RNA is reverse transcribed into DNA by the viral enzyme reverse transcriptase. This DNA then forms a complex with various viral and host proteins, creating the pre-integration complex.

Composition

The pre-integration complex is composed of the newly synthesized viral DNA and several proteins. These include the viral proteins integrase, matrix protein, and viral protein R, as well as host proteins such as histones and high mobility group proteins.

Function

The pre-integration complex serves to protect the viral DNA and guide it to the host cell's nucleus. Once in the nucleus, the viral DNA is integrated into the host cell's genome by the viral enzyme integrase. This integration allows the virus to replicate and produce new viral particles.

Clinical significance

Understanding the formation and function of the pre-integration complex is important for the development of antiretroviral therapies. Drugs that inhibit the formation of the pre-integration complex, or prevent its entry into the nucleus, can be used to treat retroviral infections such as HIV.

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