GTD

Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (GTD) is a group of rare tumors that involve abnormal growth of cells inside a woman's uterus. GTD does not develop from cells of the uterus like endometrial cancers, but from the trophoblast, cells that normally develop into the placenta during pregnancy.

Types of GTD

There are several types of GTD, including Hydatidiform Mole, Invasive Mole, Choriocarcinoma, Placental-Site Trophoblastic Tumor, and Epithelioid Trophoblastic Tumor.

Hydatidiform Mole

A Hydatidiform Mole (also known as a molar pregnancy) happens when tissue that normally becomes a fetus instead becomes an abnormal growth in the uterus. Even though it is not an embryo, this growth triggers symptoms of pregnancy.

Invasive Mole

An Invasive Mole is a type of GTD that grows into the muscular layer of the uterus.

Choriocarcinoma

Choriocarcinoma is a rare and aggressive form of GTD that spreads rapidly to other organs and requires intensive treatment.

Placental-Site Trophoblastic Tumor

A Placental-Site Trophoblastic Tumor (PSTT) is a very rare form of GTD that grows very slowly and tends to stay within the uterus.

Epithelioid Trophoblastic Tumor

An Epithelioid Trophoblastic Tumor (ETT) is another very rare form of GTD that can occur after any type of pregnancy and is most often found in the uterus.

Symptoms

Symptoms of GTD can include vaginal bleeding not related to the menstrual cycle, a larger than expected uterus, excessive nausea and vomiting, and early preeclampsia.

Diagnosis

GTD is usually found when it causes heavy bleeding or other symptoms, but it can also be found during routine prenatal care (before it causes symptoms). The diagnosis is confirmed by the results of a biopsy.

Treatment

Treatment options for GTD include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. The choice of treatment depends largely on the type of GTD, whether it has spread to other parts of the body, and the patient’s desire to have children in the future.

Prognosis

The prognosis (chance of recovery) depends on the type of GTD, whether it has spread to other parts of the body, and the patient’s general health.

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