Pneumoperitoneum

Pneumoperitoneum refers to the medical condition characterized by the presence of air or gas in the peritoneal cavity, the space within the abdomen that contains the intestines, stomach, and liver. It is a common finding on radiographs and can be a sign of a serious medical condition, such as a perforated abdominal organ.

Causes

Pneumoperitoneum is most commonly caused by a perforated abdominal organ. This can occur due to a variety of conditions, including peptic ulcer disease, diverticulitis, and appendicitis. Other causes can include trauma, surgery, and certain medical procedures, such as a colonoscopy or endoscopy.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of pneumoperitoneum is typically made through imaging studies. An abdominal X-ray or CT scan can show the presence of air or gas in the peritoneal cavity. In some cases, a physical examination may also reveal signs of pneumoperitoneum, such as abdominal pain, tenderness, or distension.

Treatment

The treatment for pneumoperitoneum depends on the underlying cause. If it is due to a perforated organ, emergency surgery may be required to repair the damage. In some cases, antibiotics may also be given to prevent or treat infection. If the pneumoperitoneum is due to a medical procedure, it may not require any treatment and may resolve on its own.

See also

• Peritoneal cavity
• Peritonitis
• Abdominal X-ray
• CT scan

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