Arylcyclohexylamine

Arylcyclohexylamine is a class of psychedelic and dissociative drugs that contain a cyclohexylamine unit with an aryl moiety attachment. The class includes well-known drugs such as phencyclidine (PCP), ketamine, and methoxetamine (MXE).

History

The first arylcyclohexylamine, phencyclidine (PCP), was discovered in 1956 by Parke Davis researchers. It was initially developed as a surgical anesthetic but was later withdrawn due to its potent hallucinogenic side effects. Following PCP, other arylcyclohexylamines such as ketamine and methoxetamine were developed.

Structure and Chemistry

Arylcyclohexylamines are characterized by a cyclohexylamine unit with an aryl moiety. The aryl group is often a phenyl ring, but can also be other aromatic rings such as naphthyl. The cyclohexylamine unit is a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, and the aryl group is attached to one of the carbon atoms on the ring.

Pharmacology

Arylcyclohexylamines primarily act as NMDA receptor antagonists. The NMDA receptor is a type of ionotropic glutamate receptor, and its antagonism leads to the dissociative effects seen with these drugs. Some arylcyclohexylamines also have activity at other receptors, such as the serotonin and dopamine receptors.

Uses

While some arylcyclohexylamines have been used medically, such as ketamine for anesthesia and pain management, many are used recreationally for their hallucinogenic and dissociative effects. They are often used in a similar manner to other hallucinogens like LSD and psilocybin.

Risks and Side Effects

The use of arylcyclohexylamines can lead to a number of side effects, including hallucinations, confusion, and loss of coordination. In high doses, they can cause more serious effects such as psychosis and physical harm due to loss of motor control. Long-term use can lead to cognitive impairment and psychological dependence.

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  Arylcyclohexylamine
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  Arylcyclohexylamine
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  Arylcyclohexylamine
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  Arylcyclohexylamine
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  Arylcyclohexylamine
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  Arylcyclohexylamine
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  Arylcyclohexylamine
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Arylcyclohexylamine

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  Phencyclidine structure
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  Arylcyclohexylamine
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  4-Methyl-PCP isomer structure
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  PCA structure
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  PCM structure
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  Eticyclidine structure
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  PCPr structure
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  PCiP structure
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  PCAL structure
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  PCBu structure
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  PCEOH structure
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  PCMEA structure