Cell adhesion

Cell adhesion is a biological process that involves the binding of cells to other cells or to extracellular matrix (ECM) components. This process is crucial for the formation and maintenance of tissue structure, immune response, wound healing, and many other physiological functions.

Overview

Cell adhesion is mediated by cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), which are proteins located on the cell surface. These molecules can bind to other CAMs or to specific components of the ECM. There are several types of CAMs, including cadherins, integrins, and selectins, each with unique binding properties and functions.

Types of Cell Adhesion

Cell-Cell Adhesion

Cell-cell adhesion is the process by which cells bind to each other. This type of adhesion is crucial for the formation of multicellular organisms and for the maintenance of tissue structure. It is mediated by CAMs such as cadherins and selectins.

Cell-Matrix Adhesion

Cell-matrix adhesion is the process by which cells bind to components of the ECM. This type of adhesion is crucial for tissue repair, cell migration, and many other physiological functions. It is mediated by CAMs such as integrins.

Role in Disease

Abnormalities in cell adhesion can lead to a variety of diseases, including cancer, autoimmune diseases, and inflammatory diseases. For example, cancer cells often exhibit altered adhesion properties, which can enable them to detach from the primary tumor and metastasize to other parts of the body.

See Also

• Cell migration
• Extracellular matrix
• Cell adhesion molecule

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  Cell adhesion
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  Cell junctions types shown on epithelial cells including cell-cell and cell-matrix junctions
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  Adheren junction showing homophilic binding between cadherins
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  Gap junctions showing connexons and connexins
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  Hemidesmosomes showing interaction between integrins and laminin