Thyroid adenoma

Thyroid adenoma is a type of benign tumor or non-cancerous growth that can develop in the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck. It produces hormones that regulate the body's metabolism.

Types

There are several types of thyroid adenomas, including:

• Follicular adenoma: This is the most common type of thyroid adenoma. It is composed of small, follicular cells and is usually encapsulated, meaning it is contained within a thin layer of tissue.

• Hürthle cell adenoma: This type of adenoma is composed of Hürthle cells, which are a type of cell found in the thyroid gland. Hürthle cell adenomas are less common than follicular adenomas.

• Papillary adenoma: This is a rare type of thyroid adenoma. It is composed of papillary cells, which are a type of cell found in the thyroid gland.

Symptoms

Thyroid adenomas are often asymptomatic, meaning they do not cause any symptoms. However, if the adenoma grows large enough, it can cause symptoms such as:

• A lump in the neck
• Difficulty swallowing
• Hoarseness
• Difficulty breathing

Diagnosis

Thyroid adenomas are usually discovered during a routine physical examination. If a lump is found in the thyroid gland, further tests may be performed to determine whether it is an adenoma or another type of growth. These tests may include:

• Ultrasound: This imaging test uses sound waves to create a picture of the thyroid gland and can help determine the size and location of the adenoma.

• Fine-needle aspiration biopsy: During this procedure, a small sample of tissue is removed from the adenoma using a thin needle. The sample is then examined under a microscope to determine whether it is benign or malignant.

• Thyroid scan: This test uses a small amount of radioactive material and a special camera to create a picture of the thyroid gland. It can help determine whether the adenoma is functioning (producing hormones) or non-functioning.

Treatment

The treatment for thyroid adenoma depends on the size of the adenoma and whether it is causing symptoms. Treatment options may include:

• Observation: If the adenoma is small and not causing any symptoms, it may simply be monitored with regular ultrasound exams.

• Surgery: If the adenoma is large or causing symptoms, it may need to be removed surgically.

• Radioactive iodine therapy: This treatment uses radioactive iodine to shrink the adenoma. It is usually used for adenomas that are functioning.

See also

• Thyroid cancer
• Thyroid nodule
• Thyroidectomy

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