Threat and error management

Threat and Error Management

Diagram of the Threat and Error Management model

Threat and Error Management (TEM) is a concept used in aviation safety to manage human performance and operational safety. It is a framework that helps identify and manage threats and errors that occur in the aviation environment. The TEM model is widely used in pilot training and safety management systems.

Overview

The TEM model is based on the understanding that threats and errors are inevitable in complex operational environments. The model provides a structured approach to identify, manage, and mitigate these threats and errors before they lead to accidents or incidents.

Threats

In the context of TEM, a threat is any event or condition that occurs outside the influence of the flight crew, which increases the operational complexity of a flight. Threats can be environmental, such as weather conditions, or operational, such as air traffic control instructions.

Errors

An error is an action or inaction by the flight crew that leads to a deviation from organizational or flight crew intentions or expectations. Errors can occur in various forms, including procedural errors, communication errors, and decision-making errors.

Undesired Aircraft States

An undesired aircraft state is a position, condition, or attitude of an aircraft that clearly reduces safety margins. It is a result of mismanaged threats or errors and requires immediate attention to return the aircraft to a safe state.

The TEM Model

The TEM model is often depicted as a "snowcone" diagram, illustrating the flow from threats to errors, and then to undesired aircraft states. The model emphasizes the importance of managing threats and errors to prevent them from escalating into undesired aircraft states.

Managing Threats

Managing threats involves identifying potential threats before they impact the flight. This can be achieved through effective situational awareness, risk assessment, and crew resource management.

Managing Errors

Error management involves detecting and correcting errors before they lead to undesired aircraft states. This requires effective communication, checklists, and standard operating procedures.

Managing Undesired Aircraft States

When an undesired aircraft state occurs, it is crucial to recover the aircraft to a safe state. This involves prompt recognition and appropriate corrective action by the flight crew.

Applications

The TEM framework is applied in various aspects of aviation, including pilot training, safety audits, and incident investigations. It is an integral part of safety management systems in aviation organizations.

Related Pages

• Crew Resource Management
• Human Factors in Aviation
• Safety Management Systems
• Aviation Safety