Polymer fume fever

An illness caused by inhalation of fumes from heated polytetrafluoroethylene

Polymer fume fever

Chemical structure of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)

Polymer fume fever is an acute illness caused by the inhalation of fumes released when polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is heated to high temperatures. This condition is characterized by flu-like symptoms and is often associated with occupational exposure in industries where PTFE is used.

Causes

Polymer fume fever occurs when PTFE, a type of fluoropolymer, is heated above 300°C (572°F), releasing toxic fumes. These fumes contain ultrafine particles and gaseous products such as hydrogen fluoride and carbonyl fluoride. Workers in industries such as plastics manufacturing, metal coating, and cooking with non-stick cookware are at risk of exposure.

Symptoms

The symptoms of polymer fume fever typically appear several hours after exposure and include:

• Fever
• Chills
• Headache
• Myalgia (muscle pain)
• Cough
• Sore throat
• Dyspnea (shortness of breath)

These symptoms usually resolve within 24 to 48 hours without long-term effects, but repeated exposure can lead to more severe respiratory issues.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of polymer fume fever is primarily based on the patient's history of exposure to PTFE fumes and the presence of characteristic symptoms. There are no specific laboratory tests for this condition, but chest X-ray and pulmonary function tests may be conducted to rule out other respiratory conditions.

Prevention

Preventing polymer fume fever involves controlling exposure to PTFE fumes. This can be achieved by:

• Using adequate ventilation systems in workplaces
• Implementing personal protective equipment (PPE) such as respirators
• Educating workers about the risks and safe handling of PTFE materials

Treatment

Treatment for polymer fume fever is mainly supportive. Patients are advised to rest and stay hydrated. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be used to alleviate symptoms such as fever and muscle pain. In severe cases, oxygen therapy may be required.

Related pages

• Polytetrafluoroethylene
• Occupational safety and health
• Fluoropolymer