Eikenella corrodens

A bacterium commonly found in the human oral cavity and upper respiratory tract

Eikenella corrodens is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacterium that is part of the normal flora of the human oral cavity and upper respiratory tract. It is known for its role in human infections, particularly in cases involving the head and neck region.

Characteristics

Eikenella corrodens is a non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It is characterized by its ability to "pit" or "corrode" agar surfaces, which is a distinctive feature used in its identification. The bacterium is oxidase-positive and catalase-negative, and it does not ferment carbohydrates.

Pathogenicity

Although Eikenella corrodens is part of the normal flora, it can become pathogenic under certain conditions. It is often associated with infections following human bites or fistfights, where it can be introduced into deeper tissues. It is also implicated in periodontal disease, endocarditis, and infections of the respiratory tract.

Clinical Significance

Eikenella corrodens is an opportunistic pathogen. Infections are more common in individuals with compromised immune systems or those with underlying health conditions. It is often resistant to many common antibiotics, making treatment challenging. However, it is generally susceptible to penicillin and other beta-lactam antibiotics.

Laboratory Identification

In the laboratory, Eikenella corrodens can be identified by its characteristic growth on blood agar, where it produces a "bleach-like" odor. The colonies are small, grayish, and may cause pitting of the agar surface. Biochemical tests, such as oxidase and catalase tests, are used to confirm its identity.

Prevention and Control

Preventing infections caused by Eikenella corrodens involves maintaining good oral hygiene and promptly treating any wounds that may be contaminated with oral flora. In healthcare settings, proper sterilization and infection control practices are essential to prevent nosocomial infections.

Related pages

• Periodontal disease
• Endocarditis
• Opportunistic infection
• Gram-negative bacteria