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Apocrypha

The term Apocrypha refers to a collection of ancient books with religious or historical significance that are not considered part of the canonical Bible by certain religious traditions. The status and acceptance of these texts vary among different Christian denominations and Jewish traditions.

Etymology and Definition

The word "apocrypha" comes from the Greek "_π_______" (apokryphos), meaning "hidden" or "obscure." Originally, it referred to texts that were "hidden away" because they were considered esoteric or not suitable for public reading. Over time, the term has come to denote texts that are outside the accepted canon of scripture.

Historical Context

The Apocrypha includes a variety of texts, such as historical works, wisdom literature, and additions to canonical books. These texts were primarily written during the intertestamental period, the time between the Old Testament and the New Testament.

Apocryphal Books

Some of the most well-known apocryphal books include:

• 1 Esdras
• 2 Esdras
• Tobit
• Judith
• Additions to Esther
• Wisdom of Solomon
• Ecclesiasticus, also known as the Book of Sirach
• Baruch
• Letter of Jeremiah
• Prayer of Azariah
• Susanna
• Bel and the Dragon
• 1 Maccabees
• 2 Maccabees

Canonical Status

The canonical status of the Apocrypha varies among different religious traditions:

• The Roman Catholic Church includes most of the Apocrypha in the Deuterocanonical books, which are considered part of the Old Testament.
• The Eastern Orthodox Church also accepts many of these texts, though the specific books included can vary.
• Most Protestant denominations do not consider the Apocrypha to be canonical, though they may be included in some editions of the Bible for historical or educational purposes.
• In Judaism, these texts are not part of the Hebrew Bible and are generally not considered authoritative.

Influence and Legacy

The Apocrypha has had a significant influence on Christian art, literature, and theology. Many of the stories and themes found in these texts have been depicted in art and literature throughout history. For example, the story of Judith and Holofernes has been a popular subject in Renaissance art.

Modern Usage

Today, the Apocrypha is often studied for its historical and cultural value. It provides insight into the religious and social context of the time in which it was written. Scholars and theologians continue to debate the significance and interpretation of these texts.

Related Pages

• Bible
• Deuterocanonical books
• Pseudepigrapha
• Intertestamental period

Gallery

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  A page from a historical text discussing the Apocrypha.
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  The Apocryphal books in a Luther Bible.
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  A page from the 1769 Oxford Edition of the King James Version, which includes the Apocrypha.