Vitelline

Vitelline refers to the characteristics related to the yolk of an egg. The term is derived from the Latin word 'vitellus' which means 'yolk'. In the context of embryology, vitelline structures are associated with the yolk sac, an important component of the embryos of humans and other mammals.

Vitelline Structures

Vitelline structures are primarily associated with the yolk sac, a membranous sac attached to an embryo, providing early nourishment in the form of yolk in bony fishes, sharks, reptiles, birds, and marsupials. In placental mammals, the yolk sac functions as a site for the formation of blood and in the development of the embryonic circulatory system.

Vitelline Duct

The vitelline duct, also known as the omphalomesenteric duct, is a narrow tube present during embryonic development that connects the yolk sac to the midgut lumen. It usually disappears during the 7th week of gestation. However, in some cases, it may persist in various forms, leading to certain congenital anomalies.

Vitelline Veins

The vitelline veins carry blood from the yolk sac to the sinus venosus in the developing embryo. They play a crucial role in the formation of the liver sinusoids and the portal vein.

Vitelline Arteries

The vitelline arteries are paired structures that supply the yolk sac. They later contribute to the formation of the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery.

Clinical Significance

Abnormalities in the vitelline structures can lead to various congenital anomalies. For instance, a persistent vitelline duct can result in conditions like Meckel's diverticulum, vitelline cyst, or a vitelline fistula.

See Also

• Yolk sac
• Embryology
• Meckel's diverticulum

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